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Traumatocrinus
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Crinoidea
Order:
Encrinida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Traumatocrinidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Traumatocrinus WÖHRMANN, 1889, p. 190
Type Species:
Porocrinus caudex Dittmar, 1866, p. 394, SD Hagdorn, Wang, & WANG, 2007, p. 183
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
F ig . 17a–d. *T. caudex ( Dittmar ); a, polished cross section of proximal columnal showing tubuli and fossulae, lower Carnian, North Afghanistan, MHI 1885/1, × 2 (Hagdorn, new); b–c, column, b, lateral, c, proximal facet, Austria, holotype, MNHB MB.E 2286, × 0.7 (Dittmar, 1866); d, lateral view of cup with small basals and top columnal, note large sculptured aboral ligament area of radials, upper Ladinian, Iran, GBA 1985/6/27, × 3 (Kristan & Tollmann, 1991).——F ig . 18a–b. T. hsuimu , lower Carnian, China; a, crown and proximal column, YIGMR XT3xH-10, × 0.35; b, adoral view of semiadult crown with tegmen, anal cone, and distal arms, MHI 1882/3, × 1.5 (Hagdorn, new).——Fig. 17e–h. T. hsui Mu, lower Carnian, China; e, terminal column with radicular cirri, MHI 1882/1, × 1.75; f, cirrus sockets with multiradiate facets on side of column, MHI 1882/2, × 6; g–h, proximal column, g, lateral with nodal-internodal sequence, × 3, h, interior view of weathered side with tubuli, MHI 1880/2, × 5 (Hagdorn, new).——Fig. 19a–c. T. hsui Mu; a, facet of proximal columnal, lower Carnian, China, MHI 1880/5, × 5; b, facet of immature internodal with fossulae overlying mature nodal with crenulate loops, lower Carnian, China, MHI 1880/4, × 5 (Hagdorn, new); c, proximal column and proximal part of crown with radial articular facet exposed, MHI 1850, × 1 (Hagdorn, Wang, & Wang, 2005).
Synonyms
Geographic Distribution
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Middle Triassic
Beginning International Stage:
Anisian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
246.7
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Middle Triassic
Ending International Stage:
Ladinian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
237
Description
Cup cryptodicyclic, infrabasals reduced or lacking, basals small, completely concealed by column, Radials low, with low exposed surface, aboral ligament area large, flat, inclined outward with numerous radial ridges composed of strings of nodules, tending to be chevron-like near interradial margins, First interradial large, intercalating between radials, Primibrachial 2 axillary, secundibrachial 2 axillary in juveniles, in adults, second arm branching after indefinite number of irregularly biserial secundibrachials, isotomous branching in 4 major arms, Armlets may branch at axillary, these axillaries with long aboral spine, Major arms and armlets biserial, Radial and brachial articulations syzygial, with grooves (fossulae) opening along aboral sutures in circular pores (articulations between brachials similar to articulations between columnals), bands of short crenulae between fossulae, Pinnulars with distal spine, Tegmen with polygonal plates, anal tube short, with polygonal plates, Column long to very long, proximally with distinct nodals and internodals, nodals without cirri, Columnals very low, circular to elliptical, articular facets with multiradiate rows of granules or very short crenulae that may be arranged as sets of chevrons, number of rows increasing toward the margin by bifurcation and intercalation, Terminal column with articulated radicular cirri with multiradiate facets. [dittMar (1866) proposed 3 species of his genus: Poro crinus caudex dittMar, P. ornatus dittMar, and P. reticulatus dittMar. However, these represent pluricolumnals from different column parts of a single species. T. caudex, a large distal plurico- lumnal, has page priority (Hagdorn, Wang, & Wang, 2007). Mu (1949) established 3 species (T. hsui, T. uniformis, and T. kueichouensis) for the excellently preserved Chinese material; Kristan-tollMann and TollMann (1983) and KliKusHin (1983) treated these species as junior synonyms of T. caudex. Hagdorn, Wang, and Wang (2007) left the question open whether the fragmentary type material from Europe and the intact specimens from China consti- tute separate species. T. hsui is, herein, tenta- tively treated as a separate species. Wang and others (2008), described complete colonies from Southwest China with columns exceeding 11 m and attached to driftwood. Traumatocrinus is a highly specialized offshoot of Anisian-Ladinian Encrinidae, with characters that occur in taxa from the upper Ladinian–lower Carnian Cassian Formation; Cassianocrinus has endotomous arm branching and up to 40 arms, and Zardinicrinus has a reduced cup and columns with pores and articular facets resembling those of Traumato crinus (Hagdorn, 1998, 2004a).]
References
Wöhrmann, S. von. 1889. Die Fauna der sogenannten Cardita- und Raibler-Schichten in den Nordtiroler und den bayerischen Alpen. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Reichsanstalt 39:181-258, pl. 5-10.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Crinoidea
Order:
Encrinida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Traumatocrinidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Traumatocrinus WÖHRMANN, 1889, p. 190
Type Species:
Porocrinus caudex Dittmar, 1866, p. 394, SD Hagdorn, Wang, & WANG, 2007, p. 183
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
F ig . 17a–d. *T. caudex ( Dittmar ); a, polished cross section of proximal columnal showing tubuli and fossulae, lower Carnian, North Afghanistan, MHI 1885/1, × 2 (Hagdorn, new); b–c, column, b, lateral, c, proximal facet, Austria, holotype, MNHB MB.E 2286, × 0.7 (Dittmar, 1866); d, lateral view of cup with small basals and top columnal, note large sculptured aboral ligament area of radials, upper Ladinian, Iran, GBA 1985/6/27, × 3 (Kristan & Tollmann, 1991).——F ig . 18a–b. T. hsuimu , lower Carnian, China; a, crown and proximal column, YIGMR XT3xH-10, × 0.35; b, adoral view of semiadult crown with tegmen, anal cone, and distal arms, MHI 1882/3, × 1.5 (Hagdorn, new).——Fig. 17e–h. T. hsui Mu, lower Carnian, China; e, terminal column with radicular cirri, MHI 1882/1, × 1.75; f, cirrus sockets with multiradiate facets on side of column, MHI 1882/2, × 6; g–h, proximal column, g, lateral with nodal-internodal sequence, × 3, h, interior view of weathered side with tubuli, MHI 1880/2, × 5 (Hagdorn, new).——Fig. 19a–c. T. hsui Mu; a, facet of proximal columnal, lower Carnian, China, MHI 1880/5, × 5; b, facet of immature internodal with fossulae overlying mature nodal with crenulate loops, lower Carnian, China, MHI 1880/4, × 5 (Hagdorn, new); c, proximal column and proximal part of crown with radial articular facet exposed, MHI 1850, × 1 (Hagdorn, Wang, & Wang, 2005).
Synonyms
Geographic Distribution
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Middle Triassic
Beginning International Stage:
Anisian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
246.7
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Middle Triassic
Ending International Stage:
Ladinian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
237
Description
Cup cryptodicyclic, infrabasals reduced or lacking, basals small, completely concealed by column, Radials low, with low exposed surface, aboral ligament area large, flat, inclined outward with numerous radial ridges composed of strings of nodules, tending to be chevron-like near interradial margins, First interradial large, intercalating between radials, Primibrachial 2 axillary, secundibrachial 2 axillary in juveniles, in adults, second arm branching after indefinite number of irregularly biserial secundibrachials, isotomous branching in 4 major arms, Armlets may branch at axillary, these axillaries with long aboral spine, Major arms and armlets biserial, Radial and brachial articulations syzygial, with grooves (fossulae) opening along aboral sutures in circular pores (articulations between brachials similar to articulations between columnals), bands of short crenulae between fossulae, Pinnulars with distal spine, Tegmen with polygonal plates, anal tube short, with polygonal plates, Column long to very long, proximally with distinct nodals and internodals, nodals without cirri, Columnals very low, circular to elliptical, articular facets with multiradiate rows of granules or very short crenulae that may be arranged as sets of chevrons, number of rows increasing toward the margin by bifurcation and intercalation, Terminal column with articulated radicular cirri with multiradiate facets. [dittMar (1866) proposed 3 species of his genus: Poro crinus caudex dittMar, P. ornatus dittMar, and P. reticulatus dittMar. However, these represent pluricolumnals from different column parts of a single species. T. caudex, a large distal plurico- lumnal, has page priority (Hagdorn, Wang, & Wang, 2007). Mu (1949) established 3 species (T. hsui, T. uniformis, and T. kueichouensis) for the excellently preserved Chinese material; Kristan-tollMann and TollMann (1983) and KliKusHin (1983) treated these species as junior synonyms of T. caudex. Hagdorn, Wang, and Wang (2007) left the question open whether the fragmentary type material from Europe and the intact specimens from China consti- tute separate species. T. hsui is, herein, tenta- tively treated as a separate species. Wang and others (2008), described complete colonies from Southwest China with columns exceeding 11 m and attached to driftwood. Traumatocrinus is a highly specialized offshoot of Anisian-Ladinian Encrinidae, with characters that occur in taxa from the upper Ladinian–lower Carnian Cassian Formation; Cassianocrinus has endotomous arm branching and up to 40 arms, and Zardinicrinus has a reduced cup and columns with pores and articular facets resembling those of Traumato crinus (Hagdorn, 1998, 2004a).]
References
Wöhrmann, S. von. 1889. Die Fauna der sogenannten Cardita- und Raibler-Schichten in den Nordtiroler und den bayerischen Alpen. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Reichsanstalt 39:181-258, pl. 5-10.