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Toxaster
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Subphylum:
Echinozoa (sea urchins, holothurians, etc.)
Class:
Echinoidea
Subclass:
Euechinoidea (sand dollars) - Superorder Atelostomata
Order:
Spatangoida
Suborder:
Toxasterina
Family:
Toxasteridae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Toxaster L. AGASSIZ, 1840, p. 25
Type Species:
*Spatangus retusus Lamarck, 1816, p. 33, SD COTTEAU, 1878, p. 117
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 433,2. *T. retusIIs (LAMARCK), LCret., France; 2a-c, aboral, oral, lat., XI; 2d, apical region, enlarged (136h)
Synonyms
Echinospatagus, Echinospatagus, Hypsaster, Miotoxaster, Pliotaxaster
Geographic Distribution
ret. (Berrias.-Ceno- man.), S.Eu. (Medit.) -S.Am.(Colombia), PU.Cret. (Senon.), N.Am
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.(Berrias.)
Beginning International Stage:
Berriasian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
143.1
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.(Cenoman.), ?U.Cret.(Senon.)
Ending International Stage:
Maastrichtian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
66.04
Description
Test ovoid to heart-shaped, pOS- terior extremity truncated, front depressed; frontal ambulacrum subpetaloid; paired ambulacra petaloid, open distally, slit-pored, anterior pair longer than posterior; apical system posterior, with 4 gono- pores; peristome subpentagonal. [A diverse genus which requires subdivision.]
References
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Subphylum:
Echinozoa (sea urchins, holothurians, etc.)
Class:
Echinoidea
Subclass:
Euechinoidea (sand dollars) - Superorder Atelostomata
Order:
Spatangoida
Suborder:
Toxasterina
Family:
Toxasteridae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Toxaster L. AGASSIZ, 1840, p. 25
Type Species:
*Spatangus retusus Lamarck, 1816, p. 33, SD COTTEAU, 1878, p. 117
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 433,2. *T. retusIIs (LAMARCK), LCret., France; 2a-c, aboral, oral, lat., XI; 2d, apical region, enlarged (136h)
Synonyms
Echinospatagus, Echinospatagus, Hypsaster, Miotoxaster, Pliotaxaster
Geographic Distribution
ret. (Berrias.-Ceno- man.), S.Eu. (Medit.) -S.Am.(Colombia), PU.Cret. (Senon.), N.Am
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.(Berrias.)
Beginning International Stage:
Berriasian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
143.1
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.(Cenoman.), ?U.Cret.(Senon.)
Ending International Stage:
Maastrichtian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
66.04
Description
Test ovoid to heart-shaped, pOS- terior extremity truncated, front depressed; frontal ambulacrum subpetaloid; paired ambulacra petaloid, open distally, slit-pored, anterior pair longer than posterior; apical system posterior, with 4 gono- pores; peristome subpentagonal. [A diverse genus which requires subdivision.]