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Clypeaster
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Subphylum:
Echinozoa (sea urchins, holothurians, etc.)
Class:
Echinoidea
Subclass:
Euechinoidea (sea urchins) - Superorder Neognathostomata (sand dollars)
Order:
Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
Suborder:
Clypeasterina
Family:
Clypeasteridae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Clypeaster LAMARCK, 1801, p. 341
Type Species:
*C. rosaceus (=*Echinus rosaceus Linné, 1758, p. 665), SD DESMOULINS, 1835, p. 183
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 357,1a-e. Lateral profiles of Clypeaster, X0.7; la, C. altus alticostatus MICHELIN, Mio., Malta; 1b, *C. rosa- ceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; 1c, C. euclastus CLARK, Rec., Carib.; 1d, C. reticulatus (LINNÉ), Rec., IndoPac.; le, C. latissimus (LAMARCK), Rec., E. Indies (Durham, n). -- Fig. 357,1t,g.*C. rosa- ceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; 1f,8, aboral, int. aboral, X0.7 (136g). — Fig. 357,1h-k. Plates of above interambulacra, pore pairs conjugate; oral surface of Clypeaster (interamb. stippled), 1h-j (reduced), 1k (enlarged); 1h, *C rosaceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; li, C. ravenelii (A. AGAS- sIz), Rec., USA (Tex.); 1j, C. europacificus CLARK, Rec., Gulf Calif.; 1k, C. reticulatus (LINNÉ), Rec., Philippine Is. (51). [See also Figs. 336,18,11,3b; 339, A; 340,3; 344,1,2; 348,9; 350,2; 351,1-4,14,15; 352,3-4,6-8; 353,3,5; 354,4-7.J
Synonyms
Scutum, Echinanthus, Nyctimens, Rhaphidoclypus, Alexandria, Echinorodorum, Pavaya, Bunactus, Laganidea, Miophyma, Oxypleura, Paratina, Platypleura, Pliophyma, Diplothecanthus, Plesianthus, Biarritzella, Dactylanthus, Eurycoila, Eurypleura, Paleanthus, Coronanthus, Oxclypeina, Parathinanthus, Platyclypeina, Tholeopelta, Alexandraspis, Guebhardanthus, Laubeanthus, Leptoclypus, Rhaphydoclypus, Orthanthus, Zanolettia, Herrerasia, Rojasaster
Geographic Distribution
worldwide
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
U. Eoc. (Auvers.)
Beginning International Stage:
Bartonian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
41.03
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Rec.
Ending International Stage:
Meghalayan
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
0
Description
Medium-sized to large, test flattened to highly campanulate, margin rounded to flattened and inflated; peristome usually in deep infundibulum; oral surface flat to concave; petals variable, closed and rounded to open or sublyrate, with outer pores elongate, inner ones rounded, commonly connected by groove; periproct usually inframar- ginal, rarely marginal, situated between 3rd and 4th, or 4th and 5th pair of coronal plates; buccal membrane naked, with imbedded irregular spicules; internal supports variable in abundance, consisting of thin laminae and pillars; wall of test sometimes double, separated by pillars. [Variation in external test morphology and shape of petals is very great, more than 400 nominal taxa existing in the literature, but no systematic basis for subgeneric groupings can be recognized.]
References
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Subphylum:
Echinozoa (sea urchins, holothurians, etc.)
Class:
Echinoidea
Subclass:
Euechinoidea (sea urchins) - Superorder Neognathostomata (sand dollars)
Order:
Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
Suborder:
Clypeasterina
Family:
Clypeasteridae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Clypeaster LAMARCK, 1801, p. 341
Type Species:
*C. rosaceus (=*Echinus rosaceus Linné, 1758, p. 665), SD DESMOULINS, 1835, p. 183
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 357,1a-e. Lateral profiles of Clypeaster, X0.7; la, C. altus alticostatus MICHELIN, Mio., Malta; 1b, *C. rosa- ceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; 1c, C. euclastus CLARK, Rec., Carib.; 1d, C. reticulatus (LINNÉ), Rec., IndoPac.; le, C. latissimus (LAMARCK), Rec., E. Indies (Durham, n). -- Fig. 357,1t,g.*C. rosa- ceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; 1f,8, aboral, int. aboral, X0.7 (136g). — Fig. 357,1h-k. Plates of above interambulacra, pore pairs conjugate; oral surface of Clypeaster (interamb. stippled), 1h-j (reduced), 1k (enlarged); 1h, *C rosaceus (LINNÉ), Rec., Carib.; li, C. ravenelii (A. AGAS- sIz), Rec., USA (Tex.); 1j, C. europacificus CLARK, Rec., Gulf Calif.; 1k, C. reticulatus (LINNÉ), Rec., Philippine Is. (51). [See also Figs. 336,18,11,3b; 339, A; 340,3; 344,1,2; 348,9; 350,2; 351,1-4,14,15; 352,3-4,6-8; 353,3,5; 354,4-7.J
Synonyms
Scutum, Echinanthus, Nyctimens, Rhaphidoclypus, Alexandria, Echinorodorum, Pavaya, Bunactus, Laganidea, Miophyma, Oxypleura, Paratina, Platypleura, Pliophyma, Diplothecanthus, Plesianthus, Biarritzella, Dactylanthus, Eurycoila, Eurypleura, Paleanthus, Coronanthus, Oxclypeina, Parathinanthus, Platyclypeina, Tholeopelta, Alexandraspis, Guebhardanthus, Laubeanthus, Leptoclypus, Rhaphydoclypus, Orthanthus, Zanolettia, Herrerasia, Rojasaster
Geographic Distribution
worldwide
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
U. Eoc. (Auvers.)
Beginning International Stage:
Bartonian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
41.03
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Rec.
Ending International Stage:
Meghalayan
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
0
Description
Medium-sized to large, test flattened to highly campanulate, margin rounded to flattened and inflated; peristome usually in deep infundibulum; oral surface flat to concave; petals variable, closed and rounded to open or sublyrate, with outer pores elongate, inner ones rounded, commonly connected by groove; periproct usually inframar- ginal, rarely marginal, situated between 3rd and 4th, or 4th and 5th pair of coronal plates; buccal membrane naked, with imbedded irregular spicules; internal supports variable in abundance, consisting of thin laminae and pillars; wall of test sometimes double, separated by pillars. [Variation in external test morphology and shape of petals is very great, more than 400 nominal taxa existing in the literature, but no systematic basis for subgeneric groupings can be recognized.]